IV. Uvavanyo lokukhupha i-Dry Transformer oluyiNgxenye

1. Uhlalutyo lweWaveform yokukhupha inxalenye

I-voltage ejikeleze i-detection impedance Zm (oko kukuthi, isignali yokufumanisa) incinci kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ikhuliswe ukuze inike uphawu olucacileyo kwisixhobo. Ixabiso eliphezulu lesignali ye-pulse eyandisiweyo yi-amplifier linokulinganiswa yi-oscilloscope. Ukongeza, i-oscilloscope inokubona ukuba yeyiphi inqanaba lokukhupha okwenzekayo kwi-frequency yamandla, imisele i-pulse waveform kunye namaxesha okukhupha, kwaye ibone iimpawu zokukhupha okungaphelelanga. Ukumisela indawo eqikelelweyo kunye nohlobo lokukhupha. Ii-Oscilloscopes zinokuskenwa ngokuthe tye nangokugobileyo. Ukuskena okuthe tye kwenziwa nge-full-screen deflection elingana nomjikelo omnye kwaye ivumelaniswe ne-test voltage ukumisela i-phase ye-pulse. Ukuskena kwe-elliptical kukwalingana nomjikelo omnye we-test voltage ngomjikelo ngamnye wokuskena. UMfanekiso 4-1 Umzobo we-Schematic we-waveform kwisikrini seendlela ezimbini zokuskena.

UMZOBO 4-1

Kuvavanyo lokukhupha okungaphelelanga, ukongeza kwi-insulation, ukukhutshwa okungaphelelanga kwangaphakathi kunokuveliswa, uqhagamshelo lwe-lead, unxibelelwano lombane kunye nesibane se-fluorescent, i-electrode corona ene-voltage ephezulu, njl.njl., inokuchaphazela imo yamaza okukhupha okungaphelelanga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuyimfuneko ukwahlula iimo zamaza okukhupha okungaphelelanga kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka ngaphakathi kwe-insulation. UMZOBO 4-2 ziimo zamaza ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo.

UMZ. 4-2

2. Ukuchongwa kweSpectrum yokukhupha okungaphelelanga

Umfanekiso 4-3 ubonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-oscillograms zokukhupha okungaphelelanga, ezifumaneka kufutshane ne-voltage yokuqala. Imifanekiso (a), (b), (c) kunye (d) ziipateni ezisisiseko zokukhupha okungaphelelanga, kunye (e), (f) kunye (g) ziipateni ezisisiseko zamaza okuphazamiseka.

UMZOBO 4-3

Kwi-(a), kukho umsantsa womoya omnye kuphela othe nkqo kwicala lentsimi yombane kwisakhiwo sokukhusela, kwaye i-discharge pulse ibekwe kwindawo ephakathi kweencopho ezilungileyo nezingalunganga. I-pulse amplitude kunye ne-frequency kumacala omabini olungelelwaniso ziyafana ngokusisiseko. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-amplitude ephezulu nesezantsi ye-3:1 asymmetry iseyinto eqhelekileyo. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-discharge kunye ne-test voltage kukuba emva kwe-discharge yokuqala, i-discharge iyanda ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kwaye i-discharge ihlala ingatshintshanga ngokonyuka kwe-test voltage. I-cimanting voltage iphantse ilingane okanye ingaphantsi kancinci kune-starting voltage.

Kwi (b), isakhiwo sokufakelwa umoya siqulathe izithuba zomoya ezinobukhulu obahlukeneyo, eziziindlela zokufudumeza ezisetyenziswa kakhulu. Xa i-discharge pulse ibekwe kwindawo engaphambi kweencopho ezilungileyo nezingalunganga, ubukhulu becala kunye nobuninzi bamacala amabini e-pulse alinganayo ngokusisiseko, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha i-asymmetry ye-amplitude ephezulu nesezantsi ye-3:1 iseyinto eqhelekileyo. Ekuqaleni kokukhutshwa, i-discharge pulse inokusonjululwa, kwaye emva koko i-voltage inyuke, i-discharge pulse ethile ihambela kwicala le-test voltage zero position, kwangaxeshanye kuya kubakho i-pulse enkulu, isisombululo se-pulse siyehla kancinci kancinci, de ingakwazi ukusonjululwa. Emva kokukhutshwa kokuqala, i-discharge iyanda ngokuthe chu ngokunyuka kwe-voltage, kwaye i-extinguisher voltage ilingana okanye ingaphantsi kwe-voltage yokuqala.

Kwi-(c), kukho umsantsa womoya omnye kuphela kwisakhiwo sokukhusela. Impendulo yokukhupha umoya kumphezulu we-electrode yahlukile kweyokwi-dielectric. I-discharge pulse ibekwe phezu kweencopho ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ze-voltage, kwaye i-amplitude yamacala omabini ayilingani, i-frequency ye-amplitude enkulu iphantsi, kwaye i-frequency ye-amplitude encinci iphezulu. Umlinganiselo uhlala ungaphezulu kwe-3:1 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-10:1. Impendulo iyonke yokukhupha umoya inokwahlulwa. Nje ukuba ukukhupha umoya kuqale, ubungakanani bokukhupha umoya abutshintshi kwaye abunanto yakwenza nokunyuka kwe-voltage. I-voltage yokucima umoya ilingana okanye ingaphantsi kancinci kwe-voltage yokuqala.
 
Kwi (d), (1) iqela lee-air gaps zobukhulu obahlukeneyo zibekwe phezu komphezulu we-electrode, kodwa zivaliwe; (2) Umsantsa wombane phakathi kwe-electrode kunye ne-insulating medium awuvaliwe. Umlinganiselo we-amplitude phakathi kwamacala amabini udla ngokuba yi-3:1 kwaye ngamanye amaxesha yi-10:1 ngaphambi kokuba i-discharge pulse ibekwe kwi-negative peak ye-voltage. Njengoko i-voltage inyuka, inxalenye ye-pulse iya kwindawo ye-zero. Emva kokuqalisa ukukhupha, isisombululo se-pulse silungile. Qhubeka unyusa uxinzelelo, kwaye isisombululo siyehla de singacaci. Emva kokukhupha kokuqala, i-discharge emperor iyanda kancinci ngokunyuka kwe-voltage, kwaye i-extinguishing voltage ilingana okanye iphantsi kancinci kune-voltage yokuqala. Ukuba i-voltage ihlala imizuzu eli-10, impendulo yokukhupha iya kutshintsha kancinci.

(e) Umthombo wokuphazamiseka ngumthombo wolwelo phakathi kwenqaku lenaliti kunye nepleyiti ethe tyaba okanye umhlaba. Ukuphuma kweCorona kwenzeka kwi-voltage ephantsi, kwaye i-discharge pulse ibekwe kwindawo ye-peak voltage. Njengakwi-negative peak. Amandla okukhupha akwi-potential ephezulu; Ukuba ikwi-positive peak place, umbane ufumaneka kwi-potential ephantsi. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni indawo ye-zero ye-voltage, kwaye isibini se-pulses sibonakala ngokulinganayo kwi-positive okanye negative voltage peaks, kunye ne-intervals ezilinganayo kwiqela ngalinye le-discharge pulses. Nangona kunjalo, i-amplitude kunye nexesha le-interval yamaqela amabini zahlukile, kwaye iqela elincinci line-amplitude efanayo kwaye lixinene ngakumbi. I-pulse enkulu ine-voltage yokuqala ephantsi kwaye ukukhutshwa kuyanda ngokunyuka kwe-voltage. I-voltage yokuqala yeqela le-pulses ezincinci iphezulu, kwaye ubungakanani bokukhutshwa abuxhomekekanga kwi-voltage kwaye buhlala bungatshintshi. Njengoko i-voltage inyuka, ubuninzi be-pulse frequency density buyanda, kodwa busahluka. Njengoko i-voltage inyuka, ayibonakali.

(f) Incam yenaliti ngokuchasene nendawo yegesi ethe tyaba okanye yomhlaba. Ukukhupha i-corona kwenzeka kwi-voltage ephantsi, kwaye i-discharge pulse ibekwe kwindawo ye-peak voltage. Njengakwi-negative peak, umbane unamandla aphezulu; Ukuba ubekwe kwi-positive peak, umbane unamandla aphantsi. Oku kunceda ekumiseleni u-zero we-voltage. Emva kokukhupha kokuqala, i-voltage iyanda kwaye ubungakanani bokukhupha buhlala bungatshintshi, kodwa uxinano lwe-pulse luyasasazeka kumacala omabini kwaye i-discharge frequency iyanda, kodwa isabonakala. Njengoko i-voltage isanda, i-discharge pulse frequency iyanda ukuya ku-distinguished kancinci kancinci.

(g) Ukukhupha okunokwenzeka kokuxhonywa. Ukukhupha ngombane phakathi kwezinto ezimbini zesinyithi ezixhonyiweyo kwindawo yombane, okanye phakathi kwento yesinyithi nomhlaba.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-waveform:

1. Amacala amahle nangalunganga ane-pulse amplitude efanayo, i-interval kunye ne-frequency efanayo;

2 Iipulses kumacala omabini zivela ngababini, zinesithuba esifanayo sesibini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zihamba zibuyela umva zisiya phambili ngaphesheya kwesiseko.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokukhutshwa kokuqala:

(1) Ubungakanani bokukhupha buhlala bungatshintshi, buxhomekeke kwi-voltage, kwaye i-voltage yokucima ilingana ngokupheleleyo ne-voltage yokuqala.

(2) I-voltage iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye kwi-voltage ethile, ukukhupha kuyanyamalala ngequbuliso. Xa i-voltage iqhubeka nokunyuka ize yehle, iya kuphinda iphume kwi-voltage yangaphambili enyamalalayo.

(1) Njengoko i-voltage isanda, amandla okukhupha ayancipha kancinci kancinci, i-pulse yokukhupha iyanda.