1, Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yamandla

(1) Inkqubo yamandla

Ngokweemfuno zobugcisa nezoqoqosho ezichaziweyo

Inkqubo edibeneyo ibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yamandla. Inkqubo yamandla ikwabandakanya iirelay ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okukhuselekileyo nokuthembekileyo

Isixhobo sokukhusela nokukhusela esizenzekelayo, ukuthunyelwa kwe-automation, unxibelelwano kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezincedisayo (ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo zesibini). Iziseko zeNkqubo yaMandla

Umsebenzi kukubonelela abasebenzisi ngamandla aneleyo, athembekileyo, afanelekileyo kwaye angabizi kakhulu.

（2） Inethiwekhi yamandla ombane

Inxalenye yenkqubo yamandla ehambisa, iguqula kwaye isasaze amandla ombane ibizwa ngokuba yigridi yamandla. Igridi yamandla ibandakanya igridi yokudlulisa kunye nokusasazwa

Iwebhu.

Umsebenzi ophambili wenethiwekhi yothumelo kukunyusa i-voltage evela kwisityalo samandla esikude neziko lomthwalo nge-transformer kwaye idlule

Umgca wothumelo olune-high-voltage udluliselwa kwisitishi sehabhu esikufutshane neziko lomthwalo. Kwangaxeshanye, umgca wothumelo ukwadibanisa iinkqubo zamandla ezikufutshane kunye

Ngumsebenzi wezikhululo zehabhu ezikufutshane.

Inethiwekhi yokusasazwa yinethiwekhi yombane esasaza ngokuthe ngqo umbane ukusuka kwisitishi sehabhu ukuya kubasebenzisi. Ngokubanzi, inethiwekhi yokusasazwa yahlulwe yaba zii-high

I-voltage, i-voltage ephakathi kunye ne-low voltage distribution network. E-China, i-voltage ye-high-voltage distribution network ngokubanzi yileyo ye-medium voltage distribution network

I-voltage yenethiwekhi yokusasazwa kwe-voltage ephantsi ngokubanzi yinkqubo yentambo yesigaba sesithathu

2, Iimpawu zokusebenza kwenkqubo yamandla

Okokuqala, ingqokelela yezoqoqosho inkulu. Okwangoku, isikali seempahla zoshishino lwamandla lwaseTshayina sidlule ngaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-200, nto leyo ethetha isinye kwisine seempahla zikarhulumente. Ukuveliswa kwamandla kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo uphuhliso olusempilweni loqoqosho lwesizwe.

Okwesibini kukusebenzisana ngaxeshanye, nokuba amandla ombane angagcinwa ngobuninzi, ubunye bekhonkco ngalinye abunakwahlulwahlulwa, kwaye inkqubo yotshintsho ikhawuleza kakhulu. Amandla aveliswa ngephanyazo kufuneka alingane namandla asetyenziswa ngephanyazo, ngoko ke ikhonkco ngalinye lokuvelisa amandla, ukudlulisela, kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla kubasebenzisi libaluleke kakhulu.

Okwesithathu, imveliso yombane ixhomekeke kakhulu kwaye ihlangene. Nokuba zingaphi izityalo zombane kunye neenkampani zokubonelela ngombane, igridi yombane kufuneka ihlanganiswe ekuthumeleni, imigangatho yolawulo kunye neendlela zolawulo; Kukho iimfuno ezingqongqo zemveliso ekhuselekileyo, uqeqesho lombutho kunye nokuziphatha okuhle.

Okwesine, ukusebenza. Iinjongo zenkonzo zoshishino lwamandla zibanzi, zibandakanya bonke abantu kuluntu lonke. Umgangatho wamandla kunye nenqanaba lexabiso zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo nomdla wabasebenzisi abaninzi bamandla.

Okwesihlanu, uqoqosho lwesizwe kufuneka lukhokele ekuphuhliseni umbane.

3, I-voltage elinganisiweyo yenkqubo yamandla

I-voltage yegridi yamandla iyalinganiswa. I-voltage elinganisiweyo yegridi yamandla yenziwe kwaye ibhengezwe ngurhulumente emva kohlalutyo olupheleleyo kunye nomboniso ngokweemfuno zophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe, ukuqonda kwetekhnoloji kunye noqoqosho, inqanaba lokuvelisa izixhobo zombane kunye nezinye izinto.

Okwangoku, inqanaba eliphezulu le-AC voltage eTshayina yi-1000KV, eyaqaliswa ukusebenza ukusuka eChangzhi ukuya eJingmen ngoDisemba 30, 2008; Inqanaba eliphezulu le-DC voltage eTshayina yi-plus okanye minus 500KV, kuquka iGezhouba – Shanghai Nanqiao Line, iTianshengqiao – Guangzhou Line, iGuizhou – Guangdong Line, kunye neThree Gorges – Guangdong Line.

Okwangoku, ii-voltage ezisetyenziswa kakhulu eTshayina ziquka i-220V, 380V, 6kV, 10kV, 35kV, 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV kunye ne-1000KV. Phakathi kwazo, imigca ye-voltage ye-10KV kunye nengaphantsi kwayo ibizwa ngokuba yimigca yokusasazwa kwamandla, kwaye imigca ye-voltage ye-35KV nangaphezulu ibizwa ngokuba yimigca yokudlulisela amandla. Ikwachaza ukuba i-voltage engaphezulu kwe-1KV "yi-voltage ephezulu", i-voltage engaphantsi kwe-1KV "yi-voltage ephantsi", kwaye i-voltage yokhuseleko yi-36V nangaphantsi kwayo.

I-voltage elinganisiweyo yezixhobo zombane ihambelana neyombane. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yokulahleka kwe-voltage kwi-power grid, i-voltage yokwenyani kwindawo nganye iyaphambuka kwixabiso elilinganisiweyo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zombane, kuyacaca ukuba izixhobo zombane kufuneka zibe noluhlu olubanzi lwe-voltage yokusebenza eqhelekileyo kune-voltage evumelekileyo ye-grid. I-voltage elinganisiweyo yejenereyitha ngokubanzi iphezulu nge-5% kune-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-grid efanayo ukuze kuhlawulelwe ilahleko ye-voltage kwi-grid.

I-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-transformer yahlulwe yaba zii-windings eziphambili nezesibini. Kwi-primary winding, xa i-transformer iqhagamshelwe esiphelweni segridi, ilingana ngokwemvelo nomthwalo kwigridi (njenge-transformer ye-step-down factory), ngoko ke i-voltage yayo elinganisiweyo iyafana neyegridi. Xa i-transformer iqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokuphuma yejenereyitha (njenge-transformer ye-step-up plant), i-voltage yayo elinganisiweyo kufuneka ifane neyejenereyitha. Kwi-secondary winding, i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-secondary winding ye-transformer iya kuba phezulu nge-5% kune-voltage elinganisiweyo yegridi xa kujongwa ukulahleka kwayo kwe-voltage (kubalwe nge-5%) xa i-transformer ilayishiwe. Xa umgama wokudlulisela kwicala lesibini umde, ukulahleka kwe-line voltage (kubalwe nge-5%) kuya kuqwalaselwa. Ngeli xesha, i-voltage elinganisiweyo ye-secondary winding iya kuba phezulu nge-10% kune-voltage elinganisiweyo yegridi.