Ioyile yetransformer Kwimeko yamanzi, i-transformer kwinkqubo yokuthutha, yokugcina, nokusetyenziswa ingangeniswa yi-oxidation yamanzi yangaphandle okanye ioyile ngokwayo, amanzi aveliswayo aya kubakho kwezi meko zilandelayo: enye ngamanzi akhululekileyo. Eyesibini kukuba amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu anyibilika emanzini. Imolekyuli yefayibha ekhuselayo yimolekyuli yeglucose (C6H12O6). Xa amanzi engena kwimolekyuli yefayibha, anciphisa ukutsala kwawo, akhuthaze i-hydrolysis yayo ibe zizinto eziphantsi kweemolekyuli, kwaye anciphise amandla oomatshini kunye nenqanaba le-polymerization yefayibha.

Ngoku, isiguquli samandlaI-r ayisiyonto nje enye yezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo nezibiza kakhulu kwinkqubo yamandla, kodwa ikwayenye yezona zixhobo zibangela iingozi ezininzi kwinkqubo yamandla. Ngaphambi kokuba i-transformer ingasebenzi ngequbuliso, ukonakala kwe-insulation kunye ne-latent fault kuya kuvelisa uthotho lweziphumo nolwazi olufana nokukhanya, umbane, isandi, ubushushu kunye notshintsho lweekhemikhali phantsi kwesenzo se-voltage yokusebenza. Ke ngoko, akufuneki kwenziwe kuphela ulondolozo lokuthintela olusekwe kuvavanyo lokuthintela rhoqo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kodwa kunye namaqhinga okugcina okuqikelelayo asekelwe ekujongeni kwi-intanethi ayafundwa ukuze kujongwe kwaye kuchongwe iimpazamo okanye iziphene ezinokubakho kwi-intanethi ngexesha langempela okanye rhoqo. Umxholo womswakama kwi-oyile ye-insulation ye-transformer ikwayiparameter yokumisela umgangatho we-insulation ye-transformer. Izixhobo ze-transformer ezikrelekrele zokuxilonga zinokuqokelela ngokuzenzekelayo, zihlalutye umxholo wamanzi kwi-oyile kwaye zifumane unobangela wokungaphumeleli, ukubonelela ngezisombululo, abasebenzisi basombulule ngexesha elifanelekileyo iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ezikhoyo kwi-transformer, ukuthintela iingozi.

1. Imeko kunye nomonakalo womswakama kwioyile yetransformer

I-transformer kwinkqubo yokuthutha, yokugcina nokusetyenziswa ingangeniswa lihlabathi langaphandle okanye i-oxidation yeoyile ngokwayo ukuvelisa amanzi, amanzi avelisiweyo aya kubakho kwezi meko zilandelayo:

Elinye ngamanzi asimahla. Ukungena kwamanzi ngaphandle, njengokuba kulula ukuwaxuba ngamanzi. Ayichaphazeli i-voltage yokuqhekeka kweoyile, kodwa ayivumeli, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kusenokubakho amanzi anyibilikisiweyo kwioyile, unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Okwesibini kukuba amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu anyibilika emanzini. Ngokwesiqhelo ukusuka emoyeni ukuya kwioyile, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu i-voltage yokuqhekeka kweoyile. Ukunyuka kwelahleko ephakathi, ioyile yesihluzi se-vacuum.

Okwesithathu, amanzi axutyiweyo. Ukucocwa kweoyile akulunganga, okanye ukusebenza kwexesha elide kubangela ukuguga kweoyile, okanye ioyile ingcoliswe yi-emulsification, kuya kunciphisa uxinzelelo phakathi kweoyile namanzi, njengeoyile namanzi axutywe kunye, kuya kwenza imeko ye-emulsified. Yongeza i-demulsifier.

Umonakalo wayo: enye kukunciphisa i-voltage yokuqhekeka kweemveliso zeoyile. I-voltage yokuqhekeka eyi-100 ~ 200mg/kg yehle yaya kwi-1.0kV, ukungcola kwefayibha kwioyile kutsala amanzi ngokulula, phantsi kwesenzo sombane, ukwakheka "kwebhulorho" eqhubayo phakathi kwee-electrodes, kulula ukuyiqhekeza.

Okwesibini kukunyusa ilahleko yesixhobo. Amanzi axutyiweyo anefuthe elikhulu kwaye akafani. Imolekyuli yefayibha ekhuselayo yimolekyuli yeglucose (C6H12O6). Xa amanzi engena kwimolekyuli yefayibha, anciphisa ukutsala kwawo, akhuthaze i-hydrolysis yayo ibe zizinto eziphantsi kweemolekyuli, kwaye anciphise amandla oomatshini kunye nenqanaba le-polymerization yefayibha. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-120℃, ifayibha yokukhusela ekumanzini iyanda ngokuphindwe ka-1, amandla oomatshini efayibha ayancipha nge-1/2, xa ubushushu bunyuka, amanzi kwioyile ayanda, amanzi kwifayibha ayancipha, ubushushu buyancipha, ngokuchaseneyo. Ke ngoko, umxholo womswakama kwioyile kufuneka ujongwe, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuguga kwefayibha yokukhusela kufuneka kujongwe. Okwesine kukuba amanzi akhuthaza amandla okubola kwee-organic acids kwaye akhawulezise ukubola kweendawo zesinyithi. Ukushwankathela, okukhona umxholo wamanzi kwioyile ungaphezulu, kokukhona ukuguga kweoyile ngokwayo kukhawuleza, ukuguga kwezixhobo kunye nokubola kweendawo zesinyithi, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukujonga umxholo wamanzi kwioyile, ngakumbi umxholo wamanzi anyibilikisiweyo.

2. Indlela yokuvavanya ukufuma kwioyile yokufakelwa kwe-transformer

Uvavanyo lomswakama kwi izixhobo zokwambathisa yinto ebalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nobomi benkonzo ye-transformer. Umswakama kwi-oyile yokukhusela ubushushu uhlala utshintsha, nto leyo enokuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho. Ukongeza, uninzi lomswakama lusasazwa kwiphepha lokukhusela. Umswakama uchaphazela amandla okuqhekeka kwe-dielectric kwezinto zokukhusela ubushushu eziqinileyo nezilulwelo, kwaye uchaphazela izinga lokwaluphala kwezinto zokukhusela ubushushu ze-cellulose kunye nokuthambekela kokwakheka kwamaqamza ngexesha lokugqithisa.

Ubushushu obuphakathi, umthwalo, ukwaluphala, ukuvuza, kunye nezinye izinto zinokubangela utshintsho oluqhubekayo kumswakama. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ukubekwa esweni okuqhubekayo kunye nokuxilongwa ngotshintsho olujikelezayo lobushushu be-transformer. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwii-transformer ezithwele umthwalo omninzi okanye ofikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Umswakama opheleleyo kwinkqubo yokufakelwa kwe-transformer umiselwa ngumxholo womswakama we-cellulose kunye nolwelo. Ubudlelwane bomswakama phakathi kwephepha lokufakelwa kwe-insulation kunye ne-oyile yokufakelwa kwe-insulation buxhomekeke kubushushu kuphela. Njengoko ubushushu busanda, ukunyibilika kwamanzi kwi-oyile yokufakelwa kwe-insulation (umthamo wokubamba amanzi wesisombululo) kuyanda, kwaye amanzi aya kudluliselwa ukusuka kwiphepha lokufakelwa kwe-insulation ukuya kwi-oyile yokufakelwa kwe-insulation.

Xa ubushushu buhla, inkqubo iyajika, kodwa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukusuka kwindawo engamanzi ukuya kwindawo eqinileyo yokukhusela kucotha kakhulu. Ke ngoko, umxholo wamanzi weoyile yokukhusela ngexesha lokupholisa uphezulu kunowokufudumeza. Ke ngoko, ukuze uqonde ngokuchanekileyo ukusasazwa komswakama kwi-transformer, kuyimfuneko ukwazi indawo yesixhobo kumjikelo waso wobushushu. Ukuze uqonde ukufuma kokwenyani kwephepha lokukhusela ngokujonga umxholo wokufuma kwindawo engamanzi, i-transformer kufuneka ibe kwimeko yobushushu ezinzileyo.

Ukugcwala kwamanzi kwioyile yokukhusela kufuneka kulinganiswe kuba ukufuma kwioyile yokukhusela kunxulumene kakhulu notshintsho lobushushu kwaye kukho i-gradient ethile yobushushu kwibhokisi ephambili ye-transformer (ngesiqhelo umphezulu webhokisi ushushu kunasezantsi). Ukuze kugqitywe ukulinganisa, uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yeengcali lufumanisa ipesenti yokugcwala okulinganiselweyo ezantsi. Oku kungafunyanwa ngokusebenzisa ubushushu obuxelwe yi-sensor kunye nendawo yayo yokuthatha isampuli.

Uhlalutyo lucinga ukuba ubushushu obuphezulu be-transformer buphezulu nge-10℃ kunobushushu obuphantsi. Ukuba indawo engaphandle kwephezulu okanye esezantsi isetyenziswa njengendawo yokuvavanya, kufuneka kuchazwe ukuphambuka kobushushu. Ngokusebenzisa ukugcwala komswakama kunye nobushushu obulinganisiweyo, inkqubo yengcali iya kuba yipesenti ethile yokugcwala komswakama wephepha lokufaka ubushushu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba olu balo lusekelwe kulwazi oluvela kumlinganiselo omnye kwaye lusenokungabonisi ukuxinana komswakama kwephepha lokufaka ubushushu, ingakumbi emva kokuba i-transformer itshintshe kakhulu kubushushu.

Ukuba inkqubo yengcali ifumanisa ukuba i-transformer ikwi-equilibrium (iphepha lokukhusela alikhuphi kwaye alifunxi umswakama), ipesenti yesibini ye-relative saturation iyabalwa, eyi-avareji yemilinganiselo yokugqibela engama-30 ye-relative saturation percentage xa ​​i-transformer ikwi-equilibrium. Ubushushu kunye notshintsho olubhalwe apha ngasentla zimisela iikhrayitheriya zokumisela ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwe-equilibrium.

Sinezixhobo zokuvavanya uvavanyo lweoyile yeTransformer, ezifana ne: Interfacial Tension Tester, Oil Particle Counter tester, Pour point test njl. Naluphi na umbuzo, nceda unxibelelane nathi ngokukhululekileyo.